What degree of bank do the standard Vref speeds allow you to use?

The standard Vref speeds are designed to establish safe operating parameters for approach and landing configurations. These speeds provide guidance on the maximum bank angle that can be safely used, which is essential during critical phases of flight such as approach and go-around.

In the context of Vref, a bank angle of up to 15° is generally accepted as safe. At this bank angle, the aircraft can maintain controlled flight while adequately responding to the necessary maneuvers for approach stability. This bank limit allows for a balance between maintaining a proper flight profile and ensuring that the wing remains within the appropriate lift and drag characteristics associated with Vref speeds. Bank angles greater than this could compromise the aircraft's performance, especially concerning stall margins and handling characteristics, which are crucial during final approach.

Understanding this allows pilots to confidently utilize Vref speeds while being aware of the limitations on bank angles to ensure safe and effective navigation.